Different ways of modifying cells

Microinjection

Microinjection is the injection of DNA into another cell at a microscopic level. Genetic material is directly injected into a cell through a glass micropipette. Microinjection is one of the least effective methods of modifying cells because the low probability of the cells accepting the injected genes.

Virus

Certain genes are injected into the virus and then injected into the cell. When the cell attacks the virus, the virus-DNA with the new genes are transferred to the cell.

Genepistol

A genepistol directly shoots genes attached to small, golden bullets into a cell. It is neither effective or precise whether the genes are shot into the right place or if they are accepted at all.